The Movie Riview of My Sisters Keeper free essay sample

Just follow the instructions below Write in your own words DO NOT Plagiarize [pic] ? Go watch a movie (preferably one with some ethical values) ? Review the ethical values of the movie ? Write a 5-page report (font Arial 11 1 ? spacing. ) excluding the cover salutation pages (if you write less than 5 pages you are actually penalizing yourself if you write more than 5 pages I would penalize you) ? This is a formal report so no colorful pages, no cartoons or flowery cover page but you may insert appropriate clip arts or download appropriate photos to make reading more interesting ? Go to pages 18 – 27 learn by yourself before you start writing your essay! Compulsory Contents: Write in an essay format Page 1: ? Write only ? page (not more) synopsis about the movie. Do not plagiarize the synopsis. ? Identify the stakeholders and explain their stakes ? Identify the main Villain also the Hero / Heroine in the movie ? Discuss ethical dilemma (s) of the Villian Discuss ethical dilemma (s) of the Hero / Heroine Page 2 3: Review the movie by writing on the following: ? Study the actions that happened in the movie, then analyze the following: o Discuss the ethical / moral and legal (if any) issues in the movie o Discuss the actions taken by the Villian from a consequentialist point of view o Discuss the actions taken by the hero / heroine from a deontology point of view Page 4: Put yourself in the Villain’s shoes: ? What ethical actions based on the Golden Rule would you have taken if you were in his / her shoes? Cite the feelings of remorse / guilt / shame that you would feel as the villain. We will write a custom essay sample on The Movie Riview of My Sisters Keeper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Page 5: Discuss about the lessons you have learnt from the movie. Pour your heart out! Note: You must use the following terminology in your essay: egoism, altruism, Consequentialism, Deontology, Justice (any one of the three: distributive, compensatory or retributive), Golden Rule, Self-Interest, Enlightened, John Rawl’s Veil of Ignorance, Vices Virtues, benefits burdens, Well-off, fair, rights (hak), benevolence, syaithaniyya, Aql Follow all the instructions carefully you would earn GREAT Distributive Justice THE END of Instructions for Movie Review

Lab Report on Psychology

Lab Report on Psychology Lab Report on Death Thought Accessibility Hypothesis: Abstract Terror management theory has been on research more than a decade to this far. Behind this research is proof on the position that this theory affirms human motivation. It is a theory that has unfolded the true existence and position where mortality actually holds in the society. The explanations and revelations it has given in regard to the impacts on possible death with regard to behavior and emotions. A revealing research, it has shows that two culturally given psychological attributes are basically in part to reward off death of personalized death. This involves self gratification individually enhanced and culturally world wide acceptance. Case studies have been conducted to try and explain if indeed there is any correlation between people and the environment. In the quest to find answers to this relationship an elaborate study has been conducted to find the implication on the hypothesized relationship. Introduction This report is intended to show an empirical of a lap test on specific individuals to show the authenticity of terror management. The design was clear to the aim as volunteered individuals in the lap were given questionnaires in which they were required to fill under specific but different factors and later the results were compared. In response to the outcomes of the lap reactions, the observations that ware made were of distinct is results but few were much varied. This was in effect of the fact that the information this sample of individuals had before the actual interview. This empirical study is a pairing of a basic instinct for self-preservation that means that final â€Å"mortality is a creation of the able terror and curiosity that is capable of continuity, target intended behavior involvement, and that is if all were impossible,† (Ajzen, 1980, p. 253). This means that to function efficiently, surrounded with thoughts and any concern about death. Following, this people developed setbacks in trying to reduce the human death fear. So in that regard, for this case of interview to hold some people had to receive information perceived to threaten their future life. Definitely the results of these individuals are so biased to be relied on. For that matter therefore this lap report is the effects of peak oil as a cultural threat. Oil is a natural empowerment that is mined from the earth crust by help of sophisticated and modern tools aided by technology and this economical practice is fully expressed in most countries in the Middle East as major oil marketers and producers. The trend is different as revealing in recent past research, exploration on the oil reserves reveals that the quantity levels of oil barrels now available for extraction is on the downward trend in their natural deposits. This decrease is a threatening rate, as oil is k nown be the black gold. This is because all over the world oil is the major source of energy in industries, domestic use and every day productions. Because of research most energy experts and scientists have tried to work out for possible substitutes of energy for oil; their research has not sufficiently bored fruits. This is because oil is still the main supply of energy. Developments in the energy sector has shown and given the possibility to analyze the future developments of economies. This in turn affects human beings and there way of life. This lap test has revealed that the peak oil exploitation has to this far been reached. This is a cause to people’s curiosity. This influences people’s decisions (Anderson, 1965, p. 44–56.). Objectives of this study This lap test empirical study was intended to answer the following questions- Accordingly as a result of the maintained human mental capability as they evolved, human beings have not only had a motivation indicative to self-preservation but also there seem to be ability. So the question: what is it?  Secondly, TMT in this case pointing to it, what if any two psychological avenues that are in function and can mitigate the fear of individual mortality? Thirdly, what is cultural world perception? And lastly, are there major hypotheses with regard to â€Å"TMT and do they have any prediction,† (Arndt at el., 2001, p. 253–277)? Methodology This lap test procedure was mainly quantitative and for the reason of precision the lab test was conducted on volunteered individuals. Participants: The composition of these individuals was 30 men and 30 women to suppress any unforeseeable complaint. All these participants were psychology students in the university. Within the lab, the volunteers were given wit questionnaires to fill under different prevailing factors on the ground and thereafter the reactions compared. According to the lab results, there was esteemed variations on the participant’s outcomes which arise because of information that the participants were told before the interview (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196) Materials and procedure: Participating individuals were allowed to take part in a program of personality of traits and social human psychology at personalized level. They were instructed to fill the provided questionnaire. They were packed in completion. The rate of filling them was not fact of consideration but individuals were to complete them after critically studying them and making sure all information regarding it is requirement was dispensed. As a result the socio economic and demographic sheet lap test sheet, participating individuals were allowed to complete a short questionnaire on. Following a brief social demographic sheet, participants completed a shortened new scale of the Neuroticism liker scale on self-preservation that influences decisions on mortality creation. Also individual participants were allowed complete a new version on social issues of survey and which then acted on possible and random division into four conditions with respect to three open-ended discussio n questions aimed at making salient specific thoughts. These questions have been used in previous studies. Apparatus: Since the sample size is more than 30 of all the participating individuals in the lab test, we employed z-score test statistic. To analyze the results we employed SPSS software; a statistical analyzing package. To interpret the results we employed the use of pie charts and graphs (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196). Terror management Terror management theory is a theory that highlights the human as an advanced animal that is aware of his existence with the help of instincts and has anticipations about the foreseeable future. The theory has further recognized human beings as the tools and there awareness of inevitable death and the potential inducement of pain. Having the realization that death is mandatory, individual human beings are faced with the fear of vulnerability until the time of death and awareness of their mortality. Despite all the fear that faces human beings, research findings show that all animals share a common origin that is life, and there is a driving force for each species of living organisms to continue In explanation of terror management, it is essential to consider the origin of all living organism, and it is said that they all evolved by undergoing a series of transformations. According toTMT, the psychological system does give the buffers of thoughts of the human death; instilling â€Å" fear factor in individuals to constantly remember the death cause and death in human beings and how it could increase their main reliance based on the system of psychology,† (Ben-Ari, 1999, p. 35–45). The simple explanation is that if human and their environment in their commitment acts as a curiosity death buffer, the expectation of one would be that exposing persons to a mortality salience induction would increase their feelings of relationship commitment. In examining this hypothesis, participants completed a neuroticism scale. In view of evolution, both animals and human beings share a common origin, but the only difference between the two is that human beings underwent more stages of development than the rest. Hence, the stronger desire to live despite the calamities that threaten human life. Despite the advantage that human beings have over other animals that may include the intellectuals, they must still understand that they must die like other animals although they cannot estimate the time of death. It is human nature to respond negatively to mortality threatening situations (Arndt at el., 2001, p. 253–277). Ideally, humankind does not want to think about his mortality, and, therefore; he will be harsh when answering questions about his/her mortality. The peak oil is, therefore, a worldwide threat because it challenges the mortality of humankind by imposing the death in the short-run. Based on terror management system, individuals manage their own terror by living up to the standards of worldlier, and by having faith in worldlier itself. In a society, everyone has got varied beliefs and conceptions about the cultural worldlier so that the mortality of the individual is influenced by the attitude towards worldlier. Human kind regards their own worldviews as fragile social setup that keeps reminding them of their own mortality, and the fact that they are vulnerable. For safe existence, it is, therefore, necessary that the people closer to them constantly remind themselves of their worldlier. In addition, when people with identical worldviews stay together they will form a cultural worldvie w, and the factor reminding them of their mortality bring out the positivity and the desire to fight back together. In view, of the case where peak oil is a threat to the cultural worldview, the individuals in the society possessing identical worldviews will have the opportunity to solve the situation through the best means in order to ensure that the threat to their mortality is eliminated (Ben-Ari at el., 1999, p. 35–45). Results The hypothesis that clarifies the fact that psychological factors are responsible for buffering the way people think about death, and hence; weakening of this psychological factor will in people being vulnerable to think about death and feel their mortality being threatened. This reaction is evident from the lab results where the respondent’s cultural world is weakened by viewing of the video. Respondents receive similar response after reading of the material that is against the Canadian requirements. The respondents’ cultural world is weakened by exposure to these materials, and the death thought becomes closure to their minds. The mortality salient hypothesis requires that human beings observe two practices that help them in managing terror. These are to have faith in the cultural worldview and the significance standardization of the factors leading to worldview. The theory articulates that some factor that help in making people avoid the terror thought that may inclu de arousal, moods, and self-awareness should be upheld. The hypothesis explaining the terror and the death thought awareness may be used to illustrate contradicting situation involving theory justification where one theory justifies the actions of the other in avoidance of the death thought (Ben-Ari, 1999, p. 35–45). Based on the lab results, the respondents may be willing to commit murder in so that they avoid the death thought. While others will punish murders so that he/she can avoid the death thought, it should be realized that, in both cases, the individuals act that way because they perceive that their mortality is being threatened, and their cultural world’s remains are not compromised by the actions of the others thereby posing a death threat to them. The hypothesis of schimel to test the death thought the use materials that depicted hatred for the Canadians against the Canadian respondents illustrated analysis. The respondents were then interviewed separately and the outcomes compared. The results revealed that delayed respondents and controlled respondents almost marched in the number of times they pronounced the death threat words, but the group that pronounced the death word many times were the that was not allowed any delay time. The reason being that they felt their mortality being threatened and because of the terror they felt they wanted to react and keep their cultural worldview unchanged. The choice of the material on the web page to be shown to the Canadian respondents was a fair choice because, in order to get accurate results for the interview, the respondent had to be put in the real situation where there cultural worldview was being threatened (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196). Conclusions Different people have got different attitudes, which attributes, to behavior and sometimes, people with the same behavior joins together in a society. Being that the society comprises of people with identical sense of mortality, it follows that they share the same cultural worldviews. The peak oil is a threat to worldview because it threatens the mortality by posing uncertainty of the future and posing a difficulty in undertaking the normal day business. Based on the requirement of terror management system individuals must, therefore, â€Å"manage their own cultural worldview by living to the standards and having faith in the worldview itself,† (Arndt at el., 2001, p. 253–277). By viewing the message that reminds me of my own mortality, I will not accept the situation that death is looming and, therefore; I will get angry with the person responsible for showing me the message and with the message itself. Alternatively, because we all know that all animals must die I must then apply the teachings of death thought to have faith in my worldview and live according to the standards of my worldview. The fear caused by the realization of the fact that death is inevitable in the future, and vulnerability to live until that moment of death will result in the development of anger, and hatred (Adams, 1997, p. 1177–1196).

Dachauâ€The First Nazi Concentration Camp

Dachau- The First Nazi Concentration Camp Auschwitz might be the most famous camp in the Nazi system of terror, but it was not the first. The first concentration camp was Dachau, established on March 20, 1933, in the southern German town of the same name (10 miles northwest of Munich.) Although Dachau was initially established to hold political prisoners of the Third Reich, only a minority of whom were Jews, Dachau soon grew to hold a large and diverse population of people targeted by the Nazis. Under the oversight of Nazi Theodor Eicke, Dachau became a model concentration camp, a place where SS guards and other camp officials went to train. Building the Camp The first buildings in the Dachau concentration camp complex consisted of the remnants of an old World War I munitions factory that was in the northeastern portion of the town. These buildings, with a capacity of about 5,000 prisoners, served as the main camp structures until 1937, when prisoners were forced to expand the camp and demolish the original buildings. The â€Å"new† camp, completed in mid-1938, was composed of 32 barracks and was designed to hold 6,000 prisoners. The camp population, however, was usually grossly over that number. Electrified fences were installed and seven watchtowers were placed around the camp. At the entrance of Dachau was placed a gate topped with the infamous phrase, Arbeit Macht Frei (Work Sets You Free.†) Since this was a concentration camp and not a death camp, there were no gas chambers installed at Dachau until 1942, when one was built but not used. First Prisoners The first prisoners arrived in Dachau on March 22, 1933, two days after the acting Munich Chief of Police and Reichsfà ¼hrer SS Heinrich Himmler announced the camp’s creation. Many of the initial prisoners were Social Democrats and German Communists, the latter group having been blamed for the February 27 fire at the German parliament building, the Reichstag. In many instances, their imprisonment was a result of the emergency decree that Adolf Hitler proposed and President Paul Von Hindenberg approved on February 28, 1933. The Decree for the Protection of the People and the State (commonly called the Reichstag Fire Decree) suspended the civil rights of German civilians and prohibited the press from publishing anti-government materials. Violators of the Reichstag Fire Decree were frequently imprisoned in Dachau in the months and years after it was put into effect. By the end of the first year, there had been 4,800 registered prisoners in Dachau. In addition to the Social Democrats and Communists, the camp also held trade unionists and others who had objected to the Nazis rise to power. Although long-term imprisonment and resulting death were common, many of the early prisoners (prior to 1938) were released after serving their sentences and were declared rehabilitated. Camp Leadership The first commandant of Dachau was SS official Hilmar Wckerle. He was replaced in June 1933 after being charged with murder in the death of a prisoner. Although Wckerle’s eventual conviction was overturned by Hitler, who declared concentration camps out of the realm of the law, Himmler wanted to bring in new leadership for the camp. Dachau’s second commandant, Theodor Eicke, was quick to establish a set of regulations for daily operations in Dachau that would soon become the model for other concentration camps. Prisoners in the camp were held to a daily routine and any perceived deviation resulted in harsh beatings and sometimes death. Discussion of political views was strictly prohibited and violation of this policy resulted in execution. Those who attempted to escape were put to death as well. Eicke’s work in creating these regulations, as well as his influence on the physical structure of the camp, led to a promotion in 1934 to SS-Gruppenfà ¼hrer and Chief Inspector of the Concentration Camp System. He would go on to oversee the development of the vast concentration camp system in Germany and modeled other camps on his work at Dachau. Eicke was replaced as commandant by Alexander Reiner. Command of Dachau changed hands nine more times before the camp was liberated. Training SS Guards As Eicke established and implemented a thorough system of regulations to run Dachau, Nazi superiors began to label Dachau as the â€Å"model concentration camp.† Officials soon sent SS men to train under Eicke. A variety of SS officers trained with Eicke, most notably the future commandant of the Auschwitz camp system, Rudolf Hà ¶ss. Dachau also served as a training ground for other camp staff. Night of the Long Knives On June 30, 1934, Hitler decided it was time to rid the Nazi Party of those who were threatening his rise to power. In an event that became known as the Night of the Long Knives, Hitler used the growing SS to take out key members of the SA (known as the â€Å"Storm Troopers†) and others he viewed as being problematic to his growing influence. Several hundred men were imprisoned or killed, with the latter being the more common fate. With the SA officially eliminated as a threat, the SS began to grow exponentially. Eicke benefited greatly from this, as the SS was now officially in charge of the entire concentration camp system. Nuremberg Race Laws In September 1935, the Nuremberg Race Laws were approved by officials at the annual Nazi Party Rally. As a result, a slight increase in the number of Jewish prisoners at Dachau occurred when â€Å"offenders† were sentenced to internment in concentration camps for violating these laws. Over time, the Nuremberg Race Laws were also applied to Roma Sinti (gypsy groups) and led to their internment in concentration camps, including Dachau. Kristallnacht During the night of November 9-10, 1938, the Nazis sanctioned an organized pogrom against the Jewish populations in Germany and annexed Austria. Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues were vandalized and burned. Over 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and approximately 10,000 of those men were then interned in Dachau. This event, called Kristallnacht (Night of Broken Glass), marked the turning point of increased Jewish incarceration in Dachau. Forced Labor In the early years of Dachau, most of the prisoners were forced to perform labor related to the expansion of the camp and the surrounding area. Small industrial tasks were also assigned to make products used in the region. But after World War II broke out, much of the labor effort was transitioned to create products to further the German war effort. By mid-1944, sub-camps began to spring up around Dachau in order to increase war production. In total, over 30 sub-camps, which worked more than 30,000 prisoners, were created as satellites of the Dachau main camp. Medical Experiments Throughout the Holocaust, several concentration and death camps performed forced medical experiments on their prisoners. Dachau was no exception. The medical experiments conducted at Dachau were ostensibly aimed at improving military survival rates and bettering medical technology for German civilians. These experiments were usually exceptionally painful and unneeded. For example, Nazi Dr. Sigmund Rascher subjected some prisoners to high altitude experiments using pressure chambers, while he forced others to undergo freezing experiments so that their reactions to hypothermia could be observed.  Still, other prisoners were forced to drink saltwater to determine its drinkability. Many of these prisoners died from the experiments. Nazi Dr. Claus Schilling hoped to create a vaccine for malaria and injected over a thousand prisoners with the disease. Other prisoners at Dachau were experimented on with tuberculosis. Death Marches and Liberation Dachau remained in operation for 12 years- nearly the entire length of the Third Reich. In addition to its early prisoners, the camp expanded to hold Jews, Roma and Sinti, homosexuals, Jehovah’s Witnesses, and prisoners of war (including several Americans.) Three days prior to liberation, 7,000 prisoners, mostly Jews, were forced to leave Dachau on a forced death march that resulted in the death of many of the prisoners. On April 29, 1945, Dachau was liberated by the United States 7th Army Infantry Unit. At the time of liberation, there were approximately 27,400 prisoners who remained alive in the main camp. In total, over 188,000 prisoners had passed through Dachau and its sub-camps. An estimated 50,000 of those prisoners died while imprisoned in Dachau.

Reflective journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Reflective journal - Essay Example The chapter focuses on the post-menopausal syndromes and myths. The chapter also deals with the concepts of rape and its causes, the causes and tendency for child molestation and reason for impotency. The rate of sexual desire in men and women and the myth regarding it is also cured and discussed. The name of the chapter suggests that the chapter is an explicit delineation of sexual tendencies and various problems, myths and irregularities attached with it. The chapter focuses on the myth regarding the loss of sexuality or desire in women during their menopausal phase. It also delineates with the myths regarding the major sexual desire in men than women and that rape is the resultant phenomena for some men having strong sexual urge. The myth regarding the psychological domination and importance regarding the concept of impotency and that the exceptional case is those of the old man who do not face it at all as it is evident in them. The concepts and myths regarding child molestation that most of them falls prey in the hands of older men are also discussed thoroughly and properly. The chapter undoubtedly cures many narrow and parochial thoughts regarding the sexualities of older men. The very normal and the subtle relations that appear as a transition in the relationships prevailing amid men and women is discussed explicitly which acts as an eye-opener for any reader unknown to all these delicacies of relationship. The common tendency of people misinterpreting and misunderstanding the reasons associated with rape and child molestation also widens our perspective regarding sexual subtleties. The ideas regarding impotency and the knowledge that allows an individual to accept the limitation called impotency is a milestone for the general thought and perception regarding sexual life. The chapter unfolds many unknown avenues pertaining to human relations based on the realm of sexuality. It throws light on the dark abbeys of narrow thoughts

Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Article - Essay Example (Krawczyk, M.et.al, 2008, p. 136). The study concludes that the CC-genotype, BTH and genotype correlate perfectly, and the genetic test provides an unambiguous result. In both positive individual with a negative genetic test there is good reason to suspect secondary causes of lactase deficiency. (Krawczyk, M.et.al, 2008, p.138). In the study 58 consecutives patients are chosen (25 males, 33 females; median age 41 years, range 18 – 82 years) recruited prospectively between April 2005 and July 2007. (Krawczyk, M.et.al, 2008, p.137). These patients were referred by the department with non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with lactose intolerance (i.e., bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea).All participants signed an informed consent form, and the study was conducted according to a study design approved by the local ethical committee. (Krawczyk, M.et.al, 2008, p.137). The method in genetic test includes the use of a Peripheral venous blood samples for DNA testing were obtained from all patients. DNA was isolated using the DNeasy Blood & Tissue kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The genotyping procedure consisted of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and SNP detection of the -13,910C>T variant using SNaPshot minisequencing (Applera, Norwalk,CT). (Krawczyk, M.et.al, 2008, p.136). For Hydrogen breathe test (BTH), it was performed after at least 12 hours overnight fasting. All patients were obliged to restrain from cigarette smoking before the test. Additionally, individuals who underwent colonoscopy or were taking any antibiotics in the fortnight before the test were excluded from the study. The test was performed after ingestion of 50 g of lactose diluted in 300 ml of water. The amount of exhaled hydrogen was measured in parts per million (ppm) before lactose ingestion (baseline), every 10 minutes during the first hour and every 20 minutes

The Role of Consumer Protection Agency and the Judiciary on Consumer Protection Essay Example for Free

The Role of Consumer Protection Agency and the Judiciary on Consumer Protection Essay A consumer can be defined as someone who acquires goods or services for direct use or ownership rather than for resale or use in production and manufacturing. Consumer protection  consists of laws and organizations designed to ensure the rights of consumers as well as fair trade competition and the free flow of truthful information in the marketplace. The laws are designed to prevent businesses that engage in fraud or specified unfair practices from gaining an advantage over competitors and may provide additional protection for the weak and those unable to take care of themselves. Consumer protection laws are a form of government  regulation  which aims to protect the rights of  consumers. For example, a government may require businesses to disclose detailed information about products—particularly in areas where safety or public health is an issue, such as food. Consumer protection is linked to the idea of consumer rights (that consumers have various rights as consumers), and to the formation of  consumer organizations, which help consumers make better choices in the marketplace and get help with consumer complaints. Other organizations that promote consumer protection include government organizations and self-regulating business organizations such as consumer protection agencies and organizations, the Federal Trade Commission etc. Consumer interests can also be protected by promoting competition in the markets which directly and indirectly serve consumers, consistent with economic efficiency. In Nigeria, the major Consumer Protection Agency saddled with this responsibility is the Consumer Protection Council (CPC). Consumer Protection Council (CPC)  is a Parastatal of the Federal Government of Nigeria, supervised by the Federal Ministry of Trade and Investment. Though established by Act No. 6 of1992, it commenced operations only in 1999, when its institutional framework was put in place. The mandate of CPC is to, among others, eliminate hazardous products from the market, provide speedy redress to consumers complaints, undertake campaigns which would lead to increased consumer awareness, ensure that consumers’ interest receive due consideration at the appropriate forum, and encourage trade, industry and professional associations to develop and enforce in their various fields uality standards designed to safeguard the interest of consumers. While using all legitimate means to eliminate the scourge of consumer rights abuse in the Nigerian market place, it is common knowledge that an uninformed consumer population cannot be effectively protected if they do not know that they have rights, what the rights are, and how the rights could be protected. On the other hand, businesses and organizations also need to be well acquainted with their obligations to consumers. Based on this, the CPC serves to effectively police the market, sensitizing consumers to their rights and responsibilities and at the same time ensuring that businesses are committed to fulfilling their obligations to consumers. This is all in a bid to ensure that the country would become a better consumer-friendly nation. Consumers are entitled to a variety or rights, and the Consumer Protection Council and other consumer protection agencies serve to create awareness of these rights. All of which must be insisted upon, and most of which are stated below: 1. The Right to Satisfaction of Basic Needs: Access to basic goods and services necessary for survival, such as food, water, energy, clothing, shelter, health-care, education and sanitation. Goods and services must meet the standard of quality promised such that there is value for money in the purchase. 2. The Right to Safety: Protection from hazardous products, production processes and services. The Right to Information: Provision of information enabling informed consumer choice as well as protection from misleading or inaccurate advertising and labeling. 4. The Right to Choose: Access to variety of quality products and services at competitive prices. 5. The Right to Redress: Compensation for misrepresentation, shoddy goods and unsatisfactory public and private services, including the right to adequate legal representation. 6. The Right to Consumer Education: Acquisition of the skills required to be an informed consumer throughout life. 7. The Right to Consumer Representation: Advocacy of consumers interest and the ability to take part in the formulation of economic and other policies affecting consumers i. e. the right to be heard. 8. The Right to a Healthy Environment: Habitation is a place that is safe for present and future generations and which will enhance the quality of their lives. On its own part, the Judiciary is defined as the system of courts of justice in the country, and serves to ensure that all laws regarding consumer protection are enforced and strictly adhered to, and stiff penalties are meted out to defaulters. The laws, terms and conditions regarding consumer protection are reflected in The Consumer Protection Council Act (1992 No 66), where control of key aspects of consumer protection such as sales promotions, advertisements, products and services monitoring and regulation are explicitly stated. For instance, in the case of sales promotions, The Consumer Protection Council Act grants authority to the CPC to verify the genuineness of all sales promotions, ensuring that they are within legal, decent, honest and faithful limits, and ensure their direct supervision. The judiciary metes out penalties to erring parties which could be in the form of suspension for a definite period of time, fines and/or direct prohibition of activity. These, to a large extent are aimed at regulating and controlling the excesses of manufacturers, advertisers and consumers and ensure that all practices concerned are within legal and permissible limits, and is especially necessary in countries such as Nigeria because the global crisis has made ready markets in developed countries to look for emerging markets with a huge population base to dump their products, and Nigeria fits the description of such emerging market. The judiciary, through the enforcement of The Consumer Protection Council Act (1992 No 66), which guides consumer protection, ensures that Nigeria does not become a ready market for unscrupulous foreign countries and companies to dump products and services.

Comparison of Shall I Compare Thee? and My Mistress Eyes are Essay

1 Shall compare thee to a summer's day? ======================================= Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of maie, And summers lease hath all to short a date: 5 Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, ============================================= And often is his gold complexion dim'd, --------------------------------------- And every faire from faire sometime declines, --------------------------------------------- By chance, or natures changing course untrim'd: ----------------------------------------------- But thy eternal summer shall not fade, -------------------------------------- 10 Nor loose possession of that faire thou ow'st, Nor shall death brag thou wandr'st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, So long as men can breath or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. In this sonnet, Shakespeare is creating a mental picture of spring and summer to compare against his loved one. He uses the fact that fine and beautiful days are the creation of nature, and nature is constantly changing all the time. Fine days never stay the same: 'rough winds' or the sun obscured by clouds, 'and often is his gold complexion dim'd', can easily mar a fine day. He talks about these negative factors of change in the first eight lines, and Shakespeare then uses these ideas to claim that his loved one will always remain untarnished, speaking of how 'thy eternal summer shall not fade' and how his loved one has lasting qualities that will outshine death: 'Nor shall death brag thou wandr'st in his shade' These thoughts come to a confident, final... ... Compared to the first few lines in the second sonnet: "My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun coral is far more red than her lips red" And this shocking feeling of offense and harshness continues through to line twelve in the second sonnet. However, there are some dark points in the first sonnet as well, as death is mentioned in line eleven "Nor shall death brag thou wandr'st in his shade" And "rough winds" in line three. However, how harsh and sincere these sonnets may be, both have the conclusions with the similar idea that Shakespeare loves his woman so much that he doesn't need to give her false comparisons to do with beautiful items or beautiful things that don't last forever - his love lasts for eternity in the sonnet: "So long as men can breath, and eyes can see So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."

Moral Degradation of Modern Society or Moral Evolution? Author: Unpretentious Diva

â€Å"I fully subscribe to the judgment of those writers who maintain that of all the difference between man and the lower animals, the moral sense or conscience is by far the most important† Charles Darwin, The Descent of Man. Is it the phase of moral degradation of society? To even attempt answering this question we have to first arrive at a definition of morality. The first question is are we clear as to what it is?In the study of ethics morality has been defined from two perspectives, personal morality which is what you feel from your conscious as right and social morality which is what the society as a whole feels to be right. While the origin of personal morals are very simple and pure dictated by only one basic dictum that is innate nobility of the human soul. A person may be a criminal but he will always know from deep with that he is wrong unless he is a psycho. Social morals however are not so, they evolved for the singular reason that is to control man, to tame him so as to allow sustenance of society.In its essence it too is noble, for society too is a need of humanity. We wouldn’t have evolved to this juncture without this structured organisation called society. If I am sitting here and typing this, it is because someone else is cooking for me. Not everybody can be thinker and scientist, but they all in their own ways help in sustenance of the society and evolution of mankind as a whole. It is however difficult to conclude from here that social morality is right in all its perspectives.The sad part of the society is that it was not formed best logic of will full cooperation and subordination, with reverence to human soul and its spirit. For most part of the history it has been dominated by mystiques and brutes, the purpose of the society was to serve mankind as a whole but it ended up serving a few who had the power and intellect to manipulate the rest. It is for these lacunae in social morality that I consider personal morality as a far more superior guideline to judge whether you are right or wrong.There are many such arbitration in the social code of morality that has no logical support to its stance except some vague religious dictums or traditions that a society has been following from time immemorial. This article Honour Killings†¦. the Ultimate Price Women pay for the False Male Ego is an apt example of how unjust and harsh these codes of socio-religious morality can become. Of the many such debatable issues of conflicting personal and social morality I would like to discuss here the issue of sexual morality.The sexual liberation of the modern times has been largely viewed as a serious moral degradation of the society at large. On the issue of sexuality and our sexual needs, first question is whether it is our need or of the society. I believe that all of us would agree that we have sex not just to produce kids, to refurbish the human resource. We have it because we need it, nature made us so. I have a deep reverence for nature, for I believe that any need that nature instilled in us has a purpose and is innately good.The society in its primitive from had put in a lot of restriction on sex. The first reason was If sexuality is liberated it would have killed the institution of marriage and therefore the society. Models of these societies were all very authoritarian/ tyrannical where men were expected to have a very high quotient of obedience. As we evolved we slowly moved on into more democratic and cooperative models of society where the quotient of personal responsibility and maturity and free volition outweighed any kind of socio-religious adherence or obedience.Many a moral codes of conduct however were just borrowed from the old model of society which obviously has no space for these individual freedom and volition The new world order as was dreamt by philosophers and intellectuals is slowly coming to reality. It is for sure that if you refer to the old book of social moral s we would find ourselves morally degraded, but if we believe that at least now we are living in a free world free society, then society must start existing for man rather than vice versa.We need to rework on our studies of ethics and come up with better a moral code which cater for needs of a man and gives him/ her freedom to seek what they desire as long as they are not harming the society at large. A society that respects man as an entity, his rationales his intellect and his judgement and the innate goodness in him. There used to be a time when it was moral to burn wives down alive on their husband’s pyre (Sati). Is it today moral? Will all of us call our change in perspective as moral degradation?How can those women think of another man? What is wrong in free sexuality, if it is forced, it is a rape then it is wrong because you are violating the will and independence of another person. Is homosexuality wrong? I think no, not at all because it is volition of individuals, it is what they need what they desire. It is thus I feel that we need to rework on our books of ethics, make our moral codes more humane and Man friendly. And that actually is Moral Evolution. (Rudra)

Labor Relations Project and Presentation Essay

Labor Relations is a very delicate part of a business that should be properly reviewed and studied before implementing or changing a businesses conduct. Happy Trails is a medium-sized company that is trying to minimize cost to continue to serve its tenants with a cost effective service. Unfortunately cost has to be reviewed in all possible ways and strategies. We will be covering a few of the advantages and disadvantages of unionizing. A recommendation will be given to help guide Happy Trails. A review will also be conducted of the issues a union might raise during the organizing effort. The steps that should be covered by the LPN’s will also be presented. We will then present the labor practice that the LPN’s should avoid. We will then advise the independent living home management on what we feel they should do. We will cover the arguments and defense the hospital will rise to the unions organizing issues. Then we will take a look at what the company must do if they resist unionization. We will then see what unfair labor practices need to be avoided by management. We will finalize this paper by reviewing what activities Happy Trail management should and should not engage in. Advantages & Disadvantages The advisement to unionize, or not, is a complicated stance. There are advantages and disadvantages on both sides of the decision. With a decision to unionize, the LPNs would be protected and guaranteed wages and certain work conditions. On the other hand, Unionizing immediately creates an adverse relationship between members and the employer sometimes out weighing the benefits. In the event that a group of employees has a community of interests coupled with concerns about their treatment as an employee by an employer for any reason, the employees have the right under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). Recommendation In this case, the recommendation for the LPN’s would be to unionize. This would protect them from being over (or under) worked, insure that proper wages and entitlements were established, as well as make sure Happy Trails was not expecting or giving RN level care through the lesser qualified LPNs. Steps to Unionize For the group of LPN’s at Happy Trails, the first step would be to contact the local healthcare union representative mentioned in the overview. This would be a perfect starting resource for information, questions and answers. This is also the step in which the union should become clear about what issues are important and expected to be addressed by the collective bargaining. For the LPN’s at Happy Trails, their issues should be concentrated on wages, minimum hours worked, overtime terms, benefits, as well as clearly understanding the scope of their expected duties. Secondly, the LPN’s would need to decide to join an already established industry union, or to create a union of their own. In either case, a sufficient number of authorization cards (or petition signatures) must be acquired, and the union must be voted in during a union representation election, or by asking the employer to voluntarily recognize the union. The National Labor Relations Board supervises and the union election, and certifies the results (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). The last step is to win a strong union contract. The LPNs in this case would need to negotiate wages paid, overtime payment terms, benefits, and minimum expected hours worked. Any union is only as valuable as the contract agreed upon. Unfair Labor Practices that should be Avoided by the LPNs Generally, most unfair labor practices are committed by the union or the employer. The only unfair labor practice the LPNs should avoid is to not try to coerce their fellow workers to join the union. Should Happy Trails Oppose Unionization? Although unionization of groups like nurses is typically non-traditional, over the past 10 years there have been many registered nurses’ groups that have unionized across the country because of the demand for their employment and the shortage of nurses. Because of the need to have every American be able to afford healthcare, licensed practical nurses are in demand more because of their lower wages. Happy Trails should not oppose unionization. There are many other healthcare facilities in the area who are working with unions Happy Trails would benefit by negotiating with a union also. Because of the unhappy nurses at Happy Trails, trying to block unionization would probably be the worse step for the organization take. Employees may feel that management’s trying to manipulate them and this can decrease employee morale. The nurses may go to any of the other facilities to seek work and representation by the union for better working conditions. If Happy Trails loses more nurses, it may be hard to recruit new workers. Steps to Resist Unionization Tactics and strategies must be implemented in order to resist unionization. One strategy that has been used in the past is to hire consulting firms, also known as union busters (Bennett-Alexander & Hartmann, 2007). These firms use methods that discourage employees from voting to have union representation. This strategy is a costly one and should only be used if basic steps are not working. One important step to avoiding unionization is through employee relations (Thomas & Associates, 2009). Employee relations programs have the employees best interest in mind. An effective program will help employee/employer communication, which can help resolve any issues or dissatisfaction. If step one does not stop union organizing, the next step is to prevent the union from gaining employee support. Throughout this step the company should inform the LPN’s of the cons of signing a union authorization card. If the employees are informed and feel valuable to the company they will be less likely to sign a union card. Information can be provided through meetings, letters, and bulletin boards. If an election campaign begins because 30 percent of employees signed cards, the next step is to resolve any employee issues and to legally convince employees that their best interests are served by rejecting the union. Happy Trails would need to build a strong campaign and reinforce the value of the existing benefits and the excellent working conditions. Arguments against Unionization by Happy Trails Arguments Happy Trails can use against unionization include the following: †¢ Funding the workers’ salary if a union exists †¢ Relationships between employee and employer may be threatened with a union †¢ Union dues paid by employees is taken from their paycheck †¢ The union cannot guarantee anything What unfair labor practices need to be avoided by management? a) Management should not try to control or interfere with union affairs. They should not try to get their favorite/certain candidate to be elected to the union office. b) Management should not discriminate against employees who join or is in favor of brining in a union. They should not discriminate against employees â€Å"who exercise their rights under the law (e.g., terminating, demoting, or giving poor working schedules to such employees).† (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007, pg 666) c) Management should not interfere, threaten or restrain their employees from exercising their rights under the labor law legislation, for example, they should not tell employees that they are not allowed to have unions or they will be punished or terminated if they do bring a union). d) Management should not refuse to bargain with the union. And they should not refuse to bargain in good faith. †¢ Happy Trails’ management team may engage in any number of activities during the unionization. Which of the following would you advise? Explain why or why not? Activities during Unionization Promote LPNs, offer bonuses, and place some into leadership and management roles. Unionization can be a long process but is quite beneficial for the LPN’s. Unions are typically formed because employees are unhappy with their pay, working conditions, or poor benefits. For that reason the activity management should engage in is to actively promote LPN’s, offer bonuses, and place some into leadership and management roles. This is the best tactic to use and could benefit Happy Trails as well as the LPN’s. However, the company has to make sure the tactics do not interfere with the employees’ efforts to unionize. Raises and opportunities must be given to everyone, not just union supporters; otherwise the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) could view the act as illegal and as unfair labor practices. As long as the employer bargains in good faith no law has been broken. Tell employees salary increases must cease to finance the collective bargaining agreement. This option is not viable therefore I do not recommend it. Utilizing scare tactics and threatening to cease salary increases will do more harm than good. Strikes could occur, which would have a negative impact on the company. The LPN’s shouldn’t feel like they are being punished for going with the union. Explain current employee benefits to the LPN’s, comparing them to union promises. Though this option is informative it is timely. There are cons to being in a union such as dues and possible strikes. Providing information to employees could sway their decision especially if they are not familiar with the union practices. However, overall the union has benefited employees, which is why this method could be more wasteful than effective. Most union members have better benefits and pay than non-union members. The LPN’s are aware of the superior wages and benefits other LPN’s in the areas have received therefore there is not much to explain. Threaten to close facility due to union campaign Being that Happy Trails is a health care facility, closing the facility would not be practical. It would also be considered discrimination against employees if they closed the facility down due to the union campaign. The NLRA does not allow discrimination against employees for participating in union activities. By staying open, they have the upper hand and it would give them more opportunity to explain the disadvantages of a union to their employees. Assist in circulation of antiunion petitions. During a unionizing campaign an employer cannot assist in antiunion petitions. Assisting in this activity could be considered interference by the employer. Participating in these activities is illegal and viewed as unfair labor practices. Counter union exaggerated claims on flyers. We recommend the management not to send the flyers with exaggerated counter offers to union claims. The management is not supposed to â€Å"promise wage increases or other benefits if employees don’t join the union.† (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007, pg 673) And they are not supposed to e-mail, post or circulate any intimidating letters or leaflets (flyers). The management can however give pay raises or benefits, but they have to give them all across the boards, not only to the union supporters. However, this tactic is limited if the management decides to do this after the union has applied for the certificate or has given notice to the management to bargain its first agreement. Tell employees they do not need to talk to union organizers, that they may vote against the union, and that the independent living home does not welcome the union. We recommend the management to talk with the employees, and tell them that they have the option to join the union, but it’s not mandatory for them to join. They can also tell the employees that the independent living home does not welcome the union, but if the employees vote for the union, the management will follow the good faith bargaining agreement. Solicit employees to request the return of their authorization cards. We would recommend the management not to ask employees to return the authorization cards (badges) that mean you are letting them go. Employers can not threaten to fire, lay-off or terminate employees for supporting or joining a union. Tell employees they may be replaced if they vote for the union. We would recommend the management not to tell employees that they will be replaced if they vote for the union. That would mean the management is threatening the employees. Management can’t threaten to fire, lay-off or terminate employees for supporting or joining a union. Appeal to the employees to defeat the union. We would recommend the management to talk with the employees and tell them not to vote in favor of the union. The independent living home will do everything possible to raise the wages and benefits as much as possible if the union is defeated. The management has to be careful not to negatively influence the employees against the union. The management can also tell the employees, that if the union is organized, we will treat the collective bargaining process with full faith and not follow any unfair labor practices. The management also can state that we will follow exactly what the law requires. Statistics for union members in United States and California (Statistics, 2013): [pic] Conclusion When making huge changes that change an employees, benefits, pay, rights, and responsibilities it is very important and should be done very carefully. A company must remember how important these changes are to people and what issues could be created if the employees feel they are not being taken into consideration. When an employee feels violated they can go to extreme measure like becoming part of a union. A union can become a huge burden for a company and cost employees money. Many of the reasons why employees look at unions can usually be avoided and handled in house. Employees should also remember that a union cost money and they should search for a union that is worth their money. Unfortunately sometimes employees end up loosing more than winning when they become part of a union. If the people in the union are not doing their job and looking out for all employees then they might just be spending their money and not getting what they deserve. References: Bennett-Alexander, D. D., & Hartman, L. P. (2007). Employment law for business (5th ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Ch. 14-Labor Law. Pg. 666 & 673. Labor Union Statistics. Retrieved on February 17, 2013. http://www.bls.gov/ro9/unionca.htm Thomas & Associates (2009). Avoiding Unions. Retrieved February 18, 2013 from http://www.employersattorneys.com/employment-law/California-employer-how-to-

Free Essays on Atherosclerosis

One of the many diseases in which fat and plaque builds up in the large and medium sized arteries is called atherosclerosis. This dangerous buildup of plaque may slow down or stop blood flow through the vessels, which is a contributing factor in heart disease. As the vessels narrow from plaque buildup, the heart must work overtime to circulate the blood through the body. Cardiovascular disease, also called coronary heart disease, includes several problematic conditions of the heart, arteries and veins. Disruption of these highways of life within the body can limit the supply of oxygen to many important organs. If an organ does not receive the necessary oxygen, it can be permanently damaged, or actually die. Since heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, research aimed at understanding the causes of this disease could significantly improve life expectancy, as well as the quality of life for those that must deal with the complications of living with heart disease. In addition, millions of dollars in health care costs could be saved annually. Relatively recent research has linked infection with certain bacteria to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Two bacteria that have been associated with these diseases are Chlamydia pneumoniae, which causes upper respiratory infection, and Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria responsible for some types of peptic ulcers. Researchers at the University of Helsinki in Finland discovered that many heart attack patients also had a large number of C. pneumoniae antibodies, suggesting a large immune response. The inflammatory response brought about by the bacteria causes damage to the blood vessels, which further causes plaque to form along the vessel wall. The plaque buildup can eventually shut off the blood supply, or break loose and travel directly to the heart and cause a heart attack, or to the brain and cause a stroke. Helicobacter pylori has also... Free Essays on Atherosclerosis Free Essays on Atherosclerosis One of the many diseases in which fat and plaque builds up in the large and medium sized arteries is called atherosclerosis. This dangerous buildup of plaque may slow down or stop blood flow through the vessels, which is a contributing factor in heart disease. As the vessels narrow from plaque buildup, the heart must work overtime to circulate the blood through the body. Cardiovascular disease, also called coronary heart disease, includes several problematic conditions of the heart, arteries and veins. Disruption of these highways of life within the body can limit the supply of oxygen to many important organs. If an organ does not receive the necessary oxygen, it can be permanently damaged, or actually die. Since heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States, research aimed at understanding the causes of this disease could significantly improve life expectancy, as well as the quality of life for those that must deal with the complications of living with heart disease. In addition, millions of dollars in health care costs could be saved annually. Relatively recent research has linked infection with certain bacteria to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Two bacteria that have been associated with these diseases are Chlamydia pneumoniae, which causes upper respiratory infection, and Helicobacter pylori, the bacteria responsible for some types of peptic ulcers. Researchers at the University of Helsinki in Finland discovered that many heart attack patients also had a large number of C. pneumoniae antibodies, suggesting a large immune response. The inflammatory response brought about by the bacteria causes damage to the blood vessels, which further causes plaque to form along the vessel wall. The plaque buildup can eventually shut off the blood supply, or break loose and travel directly to the heart and cause a heart attack, or to the brain and cause a stroke. Helicobacter pylori has also...

Business Ethics Paper Term

Business Ethics Paper Term Business Ethics Paper Term Business Ethics Paper Term: Several Ideas Business ethics paper term is considered to be a rather challenging assignment for present from one side and rather useful assignment for future from the other side. You see you have decided to connect your life with the field of business you can do nothing but get acquainted with all the aspects of leading business and business ethics is not an exception. Business ethics is a matter, which should be in blood of any successful businessman, however, in order to master it you have to study a lot. Your business ethics paper term is a great way for you to study the main principles of business ethics. Chose Narrow Business Ethics Term Paper Topic The notion of business ethics is too wide that is why before starting to write your business ethics paper term decide, which filed of business ethics you are going to deal with. If you lack business ethics paper term ideas, think about the following topics for business ethics paper term. you can wri te about business ethic during the process of employment; you can speak about business ethics in holding negotiations, business ethics in relations with employers.You see there are too many ways to arrange your business ethics paper term. What To Do Next? If still you have not made up your decision at the subject of which topic to use in your business ethics paper term writing, you can appeal to the Internet and find great amount of different business ethics papers term topics for your choice. Of course, Internet is too large; however, if you know what to look for and where to look for it, you can find the necessary information in the duration of several minutes. Thus, you can find business ethics paper term topics within the convenience of different custom essay writing services. Custom Written Business Ethics Term Paper Almost all the custom essay writing sites offer help to their customers and present useful topics for any kinds of term papers in order to help students w ith creating their own business ethics paper term topics. Our custom essay site is not an exception, if you are looking for captivating business ethics paper term topics you are welcome to get them with the help of our site. Moreover, we offer you all possible kinds of help you may need during your business ethics paper term writing from offering you some business ethics paper term topics to writing, proofreading, and editing your business ethics paper term for you.

Mri tech Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Mri tech - Essay Example Therefore, with T1 weighted MRIs, the images will appear to be bright (high intensity). This is because the major composition of yellow marrow is fat and fat possess very short T1 relaxation phase. The red or hematopoietic marrow is framed up with 40% of water and fat and 20% protein. Water holds a longer T1 relaxation phase and therefore, the images of red marrow is low intense or dark in nature due to very low signal intensity. The diagnoses of bone marrow lesion on yellow marrow background are effective using T1 weighted MRIs but it can be difficult with the case of lesion on a red marrow. With T2 weighted images, the red marrow and yellow marrow cannot be easily distinguished. STIR is more effective than T2 weighted spin images. (Dimopoulos, Moulopoulos, 1997). The figure shows dark signals highlighted with small arrows that indicate the red marrow in the spinal region and bright signals highlighted with long arrows indicates yellow marrow around femoral epiphyses as well as apop hyses. This is an image of a normal bone marrow of a child. (Dimopoulos, Moulopoulos,1997). An abnormal situation characterized by severe pain and irritation in the knee as a result of high level of pressure offered from patella or kneecap is referred as Chondromalacia (cluett, 2010). The patella is normally covered with a smooth layer composed of cartilage. The cartilage moves effortlessly and flexibly across our knee and thus, facilitates easy bending of the knee joint. The case is different with patients affected with chondromalacia wherein the patella inclines to rub against one or another side of the joint. This results in irritation and pain in the knee. Chondromalacia patella symptoms include distributed knee pain mainly in the front and back side of knee cap. It is accompanied with worsening of pain while arising from an elongated sitting posture, climbing upstairs, wearing heels, kneeling or jumping. (Cluett, 2010) MRI appearance of chondromalacia comprises of signal hetero geneity surrounded by hyaline cartilage, predominantly with T2 weighted MR images, hyaline cartilage covered focal hyperintensity, mainly showing linear or focal abnormalities in the hyaline cartilage and asymmetrical configuration to the hyaline cartilage surface. It is required to use the modifier â€Å"severe† when variations that are greater than one cm in diameter are observed. If high density central defects are present then also the severe modifier need to be used. These defects can be distinguished from usual chondral defects by comparing the centralization of the final lesion that are widely spread and lacks surroundings (Loren, 2008) Full thickness chondral defect is appeared with high signal joint surface lesion represented in black arrow is covered by normal low intense hyaline cartilage on this spin echo T2 weighted image. (Loren, 2008) Osteochondritis dessecans is a medical condition that arises when certain amount of cartilage in a joint connected with a thin b oney layer separates from the rest of the bone. The affected person usually experience server pain, irritation and discomfort near a bone ending position. (Kennedy, no date) OCD is usually seen with larger joints such as the hips, knees and the ankles. The condition is also accompanied by severe rib pain. In association with rib pain, the uneasiness normally occurs in breastbone or in the spine where the ribs get connected. The major cause of OCD is certain type of repetitive injury or